What is described as a large, complex organization composed of appointed officials?

The concept described as a large, complex organization composed of appointed officials is known as bureaucracy. Bureaucracy refers to a systematic way of managing large organizations, characterized by a hierarchical structure, clear rules and procedures, and a division of labor. This arrangement allows for organized administration, where officials at various levels perform their assigned tasks and responsibilities following established guidelines and protocols. The attributes of bureaucracy include adherence to formal rules, a focus on efficiency, and the importance of written documentation, which collectively facilitate the functioning of large organizations, such as government agencies or institutions.

In contrast, an agency typically refers to a specific entity or organization that provides particular services or fulfills a given function within a broader bureaucratic structure. A department is a division within an organization that handles specific areas of operation, often part of a larger bureaucracy. A committee, on the other hand, is usually formed to address a specific issue or task, composed of members from various backgrounds. While all these terms relate to organizational structures, bureaucracy specifically encapsulates the essence of a large and complex organization governed by appointed officials.