What is the term for a person who is not part of the military or police force?

The term for a person who is not part of the military or police force is "civilian." A civilian is typically understood as someone who does not hold a position in military, law enforcement, or other uniformed services and instead represents the general population. This distinction is important in contexts such as legal discussions, employment, and understanding roles within society, where the functions and responsibilities of civilians differ significantly from those of military and law enforcement personnel.

In contrast, the other terms refer specifically to individuals within law enforcement or military contexts. An officer typically refers to a member of a police force or military, while an agent may denote someone who acts on behalf of another, often within law enforcement or intelligence. A deputy is a specific title usually associated with a police officer who is subordinate to a sheriff or chief. Understanding these definitions clarifies the unique role civilians play in contrast to those in armed services or law enforcement.