Which term refers to the practice of granting favors or contracts in return for political support?

The term that refers to the practice of granting favors or contracts in return for political support is patronage. This concept is deeply rooted in political systems where officials provide government jobs, contracts, or other benefits to individuals in exchange for their political loyalty or support. Patronage creates a reciprocal relationship between politicians and their constituents or allies, often enhancing the politician's power and influence by securing votes and backing.

In contrast, corruption generally implies unethical or illegal activities that undermine the integrity of public offices, which is a broader negative concept not limited to the exchange of favors for political support. Advocacy is focused on promoting certain causes or policies, typically within legal and moral bounds, and does not imply the exchange of favors for support. Lobbying involves influencing lawmakers or officials to support specific legislation or policies, but it does not necessarily include the direct exchange of favors or contracts, which distinguishes it from the idea of patronage. Thus, understanding the nuances of these terms helps clarify why patronage is the correct choice for this scenario.